Compare Eritrea (2002) - Norfolk Island (2008)

Compare Eritrea (2002) z Norfolk Island (2008)

	Eritrea (2002)	Norfolk Island (2008)

Administrative divisions	6 regions (regions, singular - region); Central, Anelba, Southern Red Sea, Northern Red Sea, Southern, Gash-Barka	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 42.9% (male 958,564; female 955,625) 15-64 years: 53.9% (male 1,192,454; female 1,213,313) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 73,017; female 72,678) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, coffee, sisal; livestock, goats; fish	Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
Airports	21 (2001)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 4 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 14 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	-
Area	total: 121,320 sq km land: 121,320 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Pennsylvania	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Eritrea was awarded to Ethiopia in 1952 as part of a federation. Ethiopia's annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating governmental forces; independence was overwhelmingly approved in a 1993 referendum. A two and a half year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices on 12 December 2000. Eritrea currently hosts a UN peacekeeping operation that will monitor the border region until an international commission determines and demarcates the boundary between the two countries.	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Birth rate	42.25 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $206.4 million expenditures: $615.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)	revenues: $4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million (FY99/00)
Capital	Asmara (formerly Asmera)	name: Kingston geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except in coastal desert	subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	2,234 km total; mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km	32 km
Constitution	the transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented	Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005
Country name	conventional long form: State of Eritrea conventional short form: Eritrea local long form: Hagere Ertra local short form: Ertra former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia	conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Currency	nakfa (ERN)	-
Death rate	11.82 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA
Debt - external	$281 million (2000 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's Department
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Donald J. McCONNELL embassy: Franklin D. Roosevelt Street, Asmara mailing address: P. O. Box 211, Asmara telephone: [291] (1) 120004 FAX: [291] (1) 127584	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador GIRMA Asmerom chancery: 1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 319-1991 FAX: [1] (202) 319-1304 consulate(s) general: Oakland (California)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Eritrea and Ethiopia have expressed general approval of the April 2002 arbitration commission ruling re-delimiting the boundary, the focus of their 1998-2000 war; United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) will monitor activities within the 25-km wide temporary security zone in Eritrea until demarcation and de-mining are complete; Yemen has asserted traditional fishing rights to islands ceded to Eritrea in ICJ ruling	none
Economic aid - recipient	$77 million (1999) (1999)	$NA
Economy - overview	Since independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993, Eritrea has faced the economic problems of a small, desperately poor country. Like the economies of many African nations, the economy is largely based on subsistence agriculture, with 80% of the population involved in farming and herding. The Ethiopian-Eritrea war in 1998-2000 severely hurt Eritrea's economy. GDP growth in 1999 fell to less than 1%, and GDP decreased by 8.2% in 2000. The May 2000 Ethiopian offensive into northern Eritrea caused some $600 million in property damage and loss, including losses of $225 million in livestock and 55,000 homes. The attack prevented planting of crops in Eritrea's most productive region, causing food production to drop by 62%. Even during the war, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure, asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war damaged roads and bridges. Eritrea's economic future remains mixed. The cessation of Ethiopian trade, which mainly used Eritrean ports before the war, leaves Eritrea with a large economic hole to fill. Eritrea's economic future depends upon its ability to master fundamental social problems like illiteracy, unemployment, and low skills, and to convert the diaspora's money and expertise into economic growth.	Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
Electricity - consumption	195.3 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh NA kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh NA kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	210 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: near Kulul within the Denakil depression -75 m highest point: Soira 3,018 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	ethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%, other 3%	descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian
Exchange rates	nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 9.5 (January 2000), 7.6 (January 1999), 7.2 (March 1998 est.)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Afworki ISAIAS (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly head of government: President Afworki ISAIAS (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly cabinet: State Council is the collective executive authority; members appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly; election last held 8 June 1993 (next election date uncertain as the National Assembly did not hold a presidential election in December 2001 as anticipated) election results: ISAIAS Afworki elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS Afworki 95%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	$34.8 million f.o.b. (2000)	$1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92)
Exports - commodities	livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures	postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Exports - partners	Sudan 27.2%, Ethiopia 26.5%, Japan 13.2%, UAE 7.3%, Italy 5.3% (1998)	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle	three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $3.2 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 17% industry: 29% services: 54% (2001 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $740 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	7% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	15 00 N, 39 00 E	29 02 S, 167 57 E
Geography - note	strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993	most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated
Highways	total: 3,850 km paved: 810 km unpaved: 3,040 km (2000)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	$470.5 million c.i.f. (2000)	$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Imports - commodities	machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods	NA
Imports - partners	Italy 17.4%, UAE 16.2%, Germany 5.7%, UK 4.5%, Korea 4.4% (1998)	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006)
Independence	24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles	tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete
Infant mortality rate	73.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	15% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO	UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	5 (2001)	-
Irrigated land	220 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	High court, regional, subregional, and village courts; also have military and special courts	Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Labor force	NA	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 80%, industry and services 20%	agriculture: 10% industry and services: 90%
Land boundaries	total: 1,626 km border countries: Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 3.87% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 96.11% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	Afar, Amharic, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages	English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Legal system	primary basis is the Ethiopian legal code of 1957, with revisions; new civil, commercial, and penal codes have not yet been promulgated; also relies on customary and post-independence-enacted laws and, for civil cases involving Muslims, Sharia law	based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; term limits not established) elections: in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinately	unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 56.57 years male: 54.09 years female: 59.13 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 25% male: NA% female: NA%	NA
Location	Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references	Africa	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,100 GRT/23,399 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$138.3 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	19.8% (FY01)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 24 May (1993)	Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)
Nationality	noun: Eritrean(s) adjective: Eritrean	noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Natural hazards	frequent droughts; locust swarms	typhoons (especially May to July)
Natural resources	gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish	fish
Net migration rate	7.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: UNHCR began repatriating about 150,000 Eritrean refugees from Sudan in 2001 following the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 2000 (2002 est.)	NA
Political parties and leaders	People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the only party recognized by the government [Afworki ISAIAS]; note - a National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in January 2001, but the full National Assembly had not yet debated or voted on it as of December 2001	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	Eritrean Islamic Jihad or EIJ; Eritrean Liberation Front or ELF [ABDULLAH Muhammed]; Eritrean Liberation Front-Revolutionary Council or ELF-RC [Ahmed NASSER]; Eritrean Liberation Front-United Organization or ELF-UO [Mohammed Said NAWD]; Eritrean Public Forum or EPF [ARADOM Iyob]	none
Population	4,465,651 (July 2002 est.)	2,114 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	3.8% (2002 est.)	0.006% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Assab (Aseb), Massawa (Mits'iwa)	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM NA, shortwave 2 (2000)	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)
Radios	345,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 317 km narrow gauge: 317 km 0.950-m gauge note: links Ak'ordat and Asmara with the port of Massawa; nonoperational since 1978 except for about a 5 km stretch that was reopened in Massawa in 1994; rehabilitation of the remainder and of the rolling stock is under way (2001 est.)	-
Religions	Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant	Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.2%, none 18.1% (2001 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: inadequate domestic: very inadequate; most telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system (2002) international: NA; note - international connections exist	general assessment: adequate domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia and New Zealand; satellite earth station
Telephones - main lines in use	30,000 (2001)	2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA; note - mobile cellular service was introduced in May 2001	0; note - proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum (2002)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2000)	1 (local programming station plus 2 repeaters that air Australian programs by satellite) (2005)
Terrain	dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Total fertility rate	5.8 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	NA%	-
Waterways	none	-

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